Furthermore, whole blood maternal serotonin levels during pregnancy are associated with altered cognitive abilities and core neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring with ASD (Montgomery et al. Peripheral hyperserotonemia was the earliest demonstrated neurochemical change in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Schain and Freedman 1961) and has since become the best replicated biomarker, as recent meta-analyses conclude that hyperserotonemia is present in 25–45% of the autism population (Gabriele et al. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.single photon emission computed tomography.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.There were no differences in receptor densities in the posterior cingulate cortex or FG in autism and no differences in ligand affinity ( K D) across all regions and ligands examined. This suggests a deficit in 5-HTT within the ACC in individuals with autism, while decreases in 5-HT₂ density are age-dependent. 5-HT₂ density increases with age in control cases, whereas in autism there is a decrease with age and significantly different slopes between regression lines ( p = 0.032).
Comparing linear regression lines of B max values plotted against age, shows a significantly lower intercept for 5-HTT in autism ( p = 0.025). There was also a decrease in 5-HT 2 receptor density in the ACC in the adult cohort, but not in child postmortem autism cases as compared to controls. A Welch’s t-test was utilized to compare receptor densities ( B max), revealing a statistically significant decrease in 5-HTT within the ACC of the entire autism cohort. Specific binding to the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) as well as to 5-HT2 and 1A receptors (5-HT₂, 5-HT 1A) was quantified in superficial and deep layers of each region using the ligands -citalopram (5-HTT), -ketanserin (5-HT 2), and -8-OH-DPAT (5-HT 1A). Utilizing a large cohort of postmortem brain tissue ( n = 14–19 per group), saturation ligand binding assays were conducted on sections from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, and fusiform gyrus (FG). As selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications in autism, we aimed to determine whether targets for SSRIs are differentially affected in three cortical areas in children and adults with autism compared to neurotypical individuals.
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